Turbochargers
With each passing day, we are seeing the increase in use of turbocharged engines. In context to Indian automobile market, we can see many smaller cars are now being fitted with turbochargers.Automotive Turbocharger Market size exceeded USD 16 billion in 2019 and is estimated to grow at a CAGR(Compounded annual growth rate) of over 7% between 2020 and 2026.
This substantial growth is expected because of its increasing adoption in passenger, commercial, and heavy-duty vehicles to provide enhanced fuel efficiency.
Why so popular?
A turbo can significantly boost an engine's horsepower without significantly increasing its weight, which is the huge benefit that makes turbos so popular! It is also one of the key reasons behind increase in use of turbos in smaller capacity vehicles. The following chart shows the significant effect of turbochargers:
Strict emission norms all over the world also result in increase in demand of turbochargers.For instance, in August 2019, the Supreme Court of India announced that Bharat Stage VI (BS-VI) emission norms will be applicable in India from 1st April 2020, completely banning the sale of vehicles equipped with BS-IV engines.The implementation of such regulations by government authorities has encouraged automobile manufacturers to integrate automotive turbochargers in passenger cars and heavy-duty vehicles, fueling the market revenue.
What does it do?
Turbocharger improves power output of engines using exhaust gas to increases overall air intake in the combustion chamber. Turbocharger allows more compressed air inside the engine’s intake manifold, resulting in more efficient fuel combustion and hence superior power output, improved fuel efficiency and lower exhaust emission.
It basically draws in ambient air and compresses it before it enters into the intake manifold at increased pressure.This results in a greater mass of air entering the cylinders on each intake stroke. The power needed to spin the centrifugal compressor is derived from the kinetic energy of the engine's exhaust gases. It may also be used to increase fuel efficiency without increasing power.
Popularity in petrol powered cars
Diesel vehicles predominantly use turbochargers
Initially, turbocharger penetration was primarily driven by diesel vehicle with high diesel share geographies like Europe and India having high turbocharger penetration.
Initially, turbocharger penetration was primarily driven by diesel vehicle with high diesel share geographies like Europe and India having high turbocharger penetration.
Its gaining prominence in petrol vehicles for improved fuel efficiency and reduced emission, and higher power output. In India, small cars (< 4,000 mm) enjoy favourable tax duties as compared to larger cars(>4000 mm). However, these small cars also have engine size (petrol < 1,200 cc, diesel <1,500 cc) restriction which ultimately limits power output. Recently, in order to address these concerns, some manufacturers have launched turbo charged petrol engines in < 4,000 mm PVs(passenger vehicles) which provides superior power output as well as improved fuel efficiency.
Turbocharger vs Supercharger
A turbocharger is powered by a turbine driven by the engine's exhaust gas, whereas, a supercharger is mechanically driven by the engine using a belt drive, chain drive, etc.Compared with a mechanically driven supercharger, turbochargers tend to be more efficient, but less responsive. By comparison, a turbocharger does not place a direct mechanical load on the engine, although turbochargers place exhaust back pressure on engines, increasing pumping losses. Turbo Lag is a phenomena in which a hesitation or slowed throttle response is observed when accelerating as compared to a naturally aspirated engine. This is due to the time needed for the exhaust system and turbocharger to generate the required boost which can also be referred to as spooling.
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